In the case of sinus infection, inflammation, and swelling influence the mucous membrane that lines the sinus. It causes blockage of the ostia-meatal complex (i.e., the sinus openings to the nasal cavity) and the inability to evacuate secretion from the sinuses, which promotes its accumulation.
Sinusitis is a disease of the mucous membrane lining the paranasal sinuses and nose, affecting one or more paranasal sinuses. Depending on the duration and changes in the mucous membrane, types of sinusitis can be distinguished:
The cause of any kind of sinusitis, like most upper respiratory tract conditions, can be viral, bacterial, fungal or allergic. The most common cause of acute sinusitis is viruses, such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses or influenza virus. Colonization by bacteria (the three most common are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemofilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis) usually occurs as a result of superinfection during a viral infection or allergic reaction. Fungal sinusitis can occur in people with weakened immunity or diabetes.
Currently, the cause is increasingly often an unrecognized or poorly controlled allergy. Sometimes sinusitis can be caused by chronic irritation of the mucous membrane by physical factors (e.g. cigarette smoke – both active and passive smoking) or a tooth infection of root origin. Also, a significant degree of nasal septum deviation can contribute to frequent sinusitis, especially unilateral sinusitis.
Symptoms of chronic sinusitis can be exacerbated by air pollution or irritants, including in the workplace.
Depending on the duration of the condition, acute sinusitis (usually up to 4 weeks) and chronic sinusitis are distinguished. The symptoms are similar and those include:
Often, symptoms in the initial stage can be overcome using simple home remedies for sinusitis. Appropriate treatment will also reduce the risk of a more serious infection, progression of the disease into chronic sinusitis, and the appearance of dangerous complications.
Ordinary sinusitis can develop into bacterial sinusitis – there is a risk of bacterial infection of the secretion accumulating in the sinuses and the development of a severe infection.
It is not always necessary to visit a doctor immediately when experiencing symptoms of sinusitis. However, a medical consultation is recommended if these symptoms persist for several days or worsen. It’s also advisable to seek help for recurrent sinusitis.
While following a treatment plan prescribed by a specialist, you can also incorporate home remedies for sinus relief. Often, small changes in daily habits can lead to a milder course of sinusitis, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of developing a chronic infection.
Home remedies for sinusitis, which alleviate the symptoms, include:
Home remedies for sinus issues often include sinus irrigation, which is a highly effective method in combating sinusitis. The fluid introduced into the nose (sea water, saline, distilled water) flows through the nasal passages, and sinuses, flushing them of accumulated mucus, bacteria, and other allergens.
Secretions in the sinuses cause pain and an annoying feeling of pressure in the head. Sinus rinsing with a saline solution brings quick relief. Irrigate using a special bottle, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Properly performed, the procedure is safe and quickly cleanses and unblocks the sinuses.
It brings immediate relief, helps moisturize the mucous membranes, and, above all, makes breathing easier. Ready-made liquids are available in pharmacies without a prescription. Sinus rinsing should be done over the sink.
The irrigator or rubber nozzle is inserted into the nose, the head is tilted to the side, at a 45° angle, to introduce the liquid into the upper nasal passage. The liquid flows through the passages and sinuses, flows out through the lower nostril, and then the action is repeated for the other side.
Seawater spray is also helpful in daily nasal hygiene, as it flushes out dust and allergens and dilutes too-thick secretions. The application of isotonic or hypertonic seawater solution is safe and easy to perform. It can be used from the first days of a child's life.
Steam inhalation is effective for symptoms of sinusitis, which provides moisturization of the upper respiratory tract. Pour boiling water into a pot or bowl and lean over the container with your head covered with a towel – inhaling warm steam should take at least a few minutes, several times a day.
After an inhalation session, nasal cleansing should become easier and more effective. You can also add salt, chamomile, or essential oils (e.g., pine, mint, eucalyptus) to hot water, which can increase the effectiveness and at the same time make inhalation a more pleasant experience.
To treat sinusitis at home, it is essential to incorporate natural methods, even if antibiotics are recommended. However, always ask a specialist if the method that you want to use is safe.
Herbal medicines used in sinus diseases include:
For problems with sick and blocked sinuses, seawater for the nose, available in the form of nasal drops or spray, will also work well. Sinus medications in the form of tablets with pseudoephedrine will also bring relief.
In addition to the above principles of proper treatment for suspected sinusitis, use numerous sinus medications and medical devices available over the counter at the pharmacy.
Over-the-counter methods for sinusitis are:
To loosen the secretions in the upper respiratory tract, apply a warm compress to the forehead and nose area. For this purpose, you can use a hot water bottle with dried cherry pits. Then perform a massage, pressing on the forehead, eye sockets, and nasal bones. Some people feel relief after the first such procedure of heating and massaging the sinuses.
Staying hydrated is crucial for treating sinus issues. It enhances the function of the respiratory tract mucosa and reduces the thickness of secretions. Aim to drink 2-3 liters of water each day. This habit will not only help combat sinusitis but will also have long-term health benefits. If plain water isn’t your preference, consider herbal or fruit teas, such as those made from elderberry flowers, which can also alleviate cold symptoms.
Dry indoor air increases the risk of sinusitis and prolongs the duration of the disease. We can observe this, especially in the autumn-winter heating period, when the air humidity in our apartments drastically drops. Dry respiratory mucosa promotes the development of infections and inflammation. To avoid this, get home humidifiers that will restore the correct parameters in the room. Also, make sure that the bed is at the proper distance from the radiator. Otherwise, the problem with sinuses may worsen.
Polluted air also promotes the occurrence of infections and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Avoid cigarette smoke, and if you live in an area covered by smog, get air-filtering masks. If you suffer from inhalation allergies, give up carpets, curtains, and drapes in the house, which are frequently a breeding ground for numerous pathogens. Air out the apartment often so that mold does not develop on the walls. Also, pay attention to the condition of the air conditioning in the house and car. These devices should be cleaned regularly. Otherwise, they spray bacteria and other pathogens, leading to serious health consequences.
Another method to maintain proper air quality is by using air humidifiers. These simple devices help ensure adequate humidity levels in enclosed spaces, which is particularly important during the winter when heating systems are in use. Keep humidifiers clean, as dirty ones can become breeding grounds for harmful pathogens.
As with all diseases, prevention is better than cure in sinusitis. It is worth paying attention to small actions that can significantly reduce the risk of sinusitis, while not making everyday functioning difficult. You can try:
Sinus problems often appear as a result of reduced immunity and ongoing inflammation in the body. That is why you need to take care of a balanced diet and appropriate physical activity. Additionally, do not forget about rest, relaxation, and sufficient sleep. All this contributes to the proper functioning of the body.
When the temperature drops, wear a hat to protect your head from the cold and wind. Also, remember to dry your hair thoroughly before going outside. Although these are obvious things, many people ignore them, thus exposing themselves to a sinus cold.
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